Tadalafil

Product Description

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Tadalafil is a medication primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Below is a detailed description of tadalafil, including its chemical properties, uses, and other relevant information:

1. Chemical Name:

1-[(6R,12aR)-6-(1,3-dihydro-3-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-2-yl)-3-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-2-yl]-3-ethyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-2-yl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-2-yl]methyl)-3-ethyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-2-yl-3-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-2-yl-3-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-2-yl-3-methylquinazolin.

2. Molecular Formula:

C22H19N3O4

3. Molecular Weight:

389.41 g/mol

4. CAS Number:

171596-29-5

5. Description:

Tadalafil is a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor that works by relaxing the muscles and increasing blood flow to specific areas of the body. It is most commonly prescribed to treat erectile dysfunction (ED), and, in combination with other treatments, for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

6. Physical Appearance:

Form: Yellow, crystalline powder.

Odor: Odorless.

Taste: Tasteless or slightly bitter.

7. Solubility:

Water: Practically insoluble in water.

Ethanol: Slightly soluble in ethanol.

Solvents: Soluble in DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide).

8. Melting Point:

300C (572F)

9. Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations usually reached within 2 hours.

Half-Life: Long half-life of approximately 17.5 hours, which allows for extended efficacy with once-daily or as-needed dosing.

Bioavailability: Approximately 60% when taken orally.

Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver primarily via the enzyme CYP3A4 (cytochrome P450 3A4).

Excretion: Primarily excreted in the feces, with a small amount eliminated in the urine.

10. Mechanism of Action:

Tadalafil works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate). By inhibiting PDE5, tadalafil increases the concentration of cGMP, leading to the relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels and increased blood flow, particularly to the penis. This allows for improved erectile function in patients with ED.

Tadalafil's ability to relax smooth muscle is also beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and BPH.

11. Therapeutic Uses:

Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Tadalafil is commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction by improving blood flow to the penis in response to sexual stimulation.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Tadalafil can help relieve symptoms of BPH, such as difficulty urinating, by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH): Tadalafil is used to treat PAH by relaxing the blood vessels in the lungs, helping to reduce blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries.

Combination with Other Medications: Tadalafil is sometimes combined with other treatments, such as finasteride, for BPH.

12. Dosing:

For Erectile Dysfunction:

As-needed dosing: 10 mg taken at least 30 minutes before sexual activity. The dose can be adjusted based on efficacy and tolerability, with a maximum dose of 20 mg.

Once-daily dosing: 2.5 mg to 5 mg daily, regardless of sexual activity.

For Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: 5 mg daily.

For Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: 40 mg (20 mg twice daily).

The exact dosage and regimen should be tailored based on the patients specific condition and response to treatment.

13. Side Effects:

Common side effects may include:

Headache

Flushing

Nasal congestion

Indigestion

Back pain

Muscle aches

Serious side effects, though rare, include:

Priapism (a prolonged erection lasting more than 4 hours), which requires immediate medical attention.

Sudden vision loss (in rare cases, associated with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy [NAION]).

Sudden hearing loss or ringing in the ears.

Chest pain or irregular heartbeat.

14. Precautions:

Cardiovascular Risk: Tadalafil should be used with caution in patients with heart conditions, particularly those who have had a recent heart attack, stroke, or low blood pressure.

Drug Interactions: Tadalafil should not be used with nitrates (e.g., nitroglycerin) or other PDE5 inhibitors due to the risk of severe hypotension (low blood pressure). It may also interact with certain medications, including alpha-blockers, antifungal agents, and HIV protease inhibitors.

Renal and Hepatic Impairment: Dosing may need to be adjusted for patients with liver or kidney issues.

Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption may enhance the blood pressure-lowering effects of tadalafil and increase the risk of side effects like dizziness and headache.

15. Storage:

Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and moisture.

Keep out of reach of children.

16. Regulatory Status:

FDA: Tadalafil is approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

WHO: Included in the WHO List of Essential Medicines for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

17. Brand Names:

Cialis (most common brand for erectile dysfunction and BPH)

Adcirca (for pulmonary arterial hypertension)

18. Important Notes:

Tadalafil is not an aphrodisiac and does not increase sexual desire. It only enhances the physiological response to sexual stimulation.