Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Powder

• CAS Number: 61-76-7
• Name: Benzenemethanol, 3-hydroxy--[(methylamino)methyl]-,hydrochloride (1: 1), (aR)-
• Superlist Name: Phenylephrine hydrochloride
• Formula: C₉H₁₄ClNO₂
• Molecular Weight: 203.6
• Synonyms: L(-)-Phenylephrine hydrochloride;(R)-(-)-1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol hydrochloride;3-Hydroxy-alpha-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol;
• EINECS: 200-517-3
• Melting Point: 143-145 C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 341.1 C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 163.4 C
• Appearance: White to almost white crystalline powder
• Risk Codes: 22-36/37/38
• Safety: 26-36-37/39 Details
• Transport Information: UN 3249

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Powder is a synthetic sympathomimetic amine primarily used as a decongestant, vasopressor, and mydriatic agent. Below is a detailed description of its properties, uses, and characteristics:

1. Chemical Identity

• Name: Phenylephrine Hydrochloride

• Chemical Formula: CHNOHCl

• Molecular Weight: 203.67 g/mol

• CAS Number: 61-76-7

• Structure:

  • Phenylephrine is a derivative of phenylethanolamine, structurally similar to epinephrine.

  • It has a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring and a hydrochloride salt form for stability and solubility.

2. Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder

• Solubility: Freely soluble in water and alcohol

• Odor: Odorless

• Taste: Slightly bitter

• Melting Point: Around 143145C

3. Pharmacological Action

Phenylephrine is an 1-adrenergic receptor agonist, meaning it stimulates alpha-1 receptors leading to:

• Vasoconstriction: Constriction of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure

• Decongestion: Reduces swelling in nasal passages

• Mydriasis: Dilation of pupils (when used ophthalmically)

4. Applications

A. Medical Uses

• Nasal Decongestant: Commonly used in over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications

• Hypotension Treatment: Maintains blood pressure during anesthesia or shock

• Ophthalmic Agent: Used to dilate pupils during eye exams

• Hemorrhoid Treatment: As a vasoconstrictor in topical preparations

B. Pharmaceutical Formulations

• Tablets and Capsules

• Nasal Sprays

• Injectable solutions

• Ophthalmic drops

• Topical creams

5. Mechanism of Action

Phenylephrine acts on 1-adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth muscle, causing vasoconstriction, which:

• Reduces mucosal edema in nasal passages

• Increases systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure

• Reduces conjunctival congestion when applied to eyes

6. Storage Conditions

• Store in a tightly closed container

• Keep in a cool, dry place away from direct light and moisture

• Stability may be affected by exposure to air or humidity

7. Safety and Handling

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling in raw powder form

• Avoid inhalation, ingestion, or contact with skin and eyes

• Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed safety guidelines

8. Side Effects (When Used in Medication)

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

• Reflex bradycardia (slow heart rate)

• Headache

• Restlessness or insomnia

• Local irritation (for nasal/eye use)

9. Regulatory Status

• Listed in pharmacopeias: USP, BP, EP, etc.

• Controlled substance status: Not a controlled substance, but regulated due to its pharmacological effects