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1. Chemical Information
IUPAC Name: 1-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propane-2-ol
Molecular Formula: C13H12F2N6O
Molecular Weight: 306.27 g/mol
CAS Number: 86386-73-4
SMILES: CC(C1=NC(N2C=NC(N3C=NC4=CN=NC4=N23)=N1)=O)C6=CC(=C(C(F)F)C=C6)F
Melting Point: 141-145C (depends on the polymorph)
Solubility:
Water: Slightly soluble in water (1050 mg/L)
Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, specifically by interfering with the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. This disruption weakens the fungal cell membrane, leading to the death of the fungus.
Common Uses:
Candida Infections: Fluconazole is often prescribed to treat yeast infections, such as:
Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infections)
Oral thrush
Esophageal candidiasis
Invasive candidiasis
Prevention: In patients with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or bone marrow transplants, fluconazole may be used to prevent fungal infections.
Forms and Dosage:
Fluconazole is available in several forms:
Oral: Tablets or oral suspension
Intravenous (IV): For more severe infections or when oral administration is not possible.
The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection and the patient's individual health factors. Common starting doses for adults may range from 50 mg to 400 mg per day, depending on the infection being treated.
Side Effects:
Some common side effects include:
Nausea
Headache
Abdominal pain
Dizziness
Rash
More serious side effects, though rare, include liver damage, severe allergic reactions, and heart arrhythmias. Patients with a history of liver disease or prolonged use of the drug may need closer monitoring.
Contraindications:
Fluconazole should not be used by people who have an allergy to fluconazole or similar antifungal medications (such as itraconazole or ketoconazole).
It may interact with other medications, particularly those that affect the liver, and should be used cautiously in individuals on medications that prolong the QT interval (a measure of heart rhythm).
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