Sulfamethoxazole

Product Description

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Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic commonly used in combination with trimethoprim to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Below are detailed specifications and information about sulfamethoxazole:

1. Chemical Name:

N-[5-Methyl-3-isoxazolyl] sulfonamide

2. Molecular Formula:

C10H11N3O3S

3. Molecular Weight:

253.28 g/mol

4. CAS Number:

723-46-6

5. Description:

Sulfamethoxazole is a synthetic sulfonamide (a type of antibiotic) that is structurally similar to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). It works by inhibiting the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, an essential precursor in the production of bacterial nucleic acids, effectively stopping bacterial growth.

6. Physical Appearance:

Form: White to off-white crystalline powder or solid

Odor: Odorless or faint characteristic odor

Taste: Slightly bitter

7. Solubility:

Water: Slightly soluble in water (0.15 g/100 mL at 25C)

Ethanol: Soluble in ethanol

Other Solvents: Slightly soluble in acetone

8. Melting Point:

166168C (331F to 334F)

9. Chemical Properties:

pH: The pH of an aqueous solution of sulfamethoxazole is around 57.

Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but the compound can degrade when exposed to excessive light, moisture, or extreme temperatures.

10. Pharmacology:

Mechanism of Action: Sulfamethoxazole works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, which is responsible for the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria. This prevents the production of DNA and RNA, which is crucial for bacterial growth and reproduction.

Spectrum of Activity: It is effective against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Shigella species.

11. Uses:

Infections Treated:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Respiratory tract infections

Ear infections

Gastrointestinal infections

Meningitis

Some forms of malaria (when used in combination with other drugs)

Combination Therapy: Often used in combination with trimethoprim (brand name: Bactrim, Septra) to increase its antibacterial efficacy and reduce the development of resistance.

Off-Label Uses: Treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., HIV/AIDS patients).